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(詳細はIBM recognized the immediate application for what it termed a "Random Access File" having high capacity and rapid random access at a relatively low cost.〔"Proposal – Random Access File," A. J. Critchlow, IBM RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LABORATORY, San Jose, California, February 6, 1953〕 After considering technologies such as wire matrices, rod arrays, drums, drum arrays, etc.,〔 the engineers at IBM's San Jose California laboratory invented the hard disk drive. The disk drive created a new level in the computer data hierarchy, then termed Random Access Storage but today known as secondary storage, less expensive and slower than main memory (then typically drums) but faster and more expensive than tape drives.〔The IBM 350 RAMAC Disk File, ASME Award, Feb 27, 1984.〕 The commercial usage of hard disk drives began in 1956, with the shipment of an IBM 305 RAMAC system including IBM Model 350 disk storage.〔(Ramac History May2005 )〕 (US Patent 3,503,060 ) issued March 24, 1970, and arising from the IBM RAMAC program is generally considered to be the fundamental patent for disk drives.〔(Disk Drive Patent )〕 Each generation of disk drives replaced larger, more sensitive and more cumbersome devices. The earliest drives were usable only in the protected environment of a data center. Later generations progressively reached factories, offices and homes, eventually reaching ubiquity. Disk media diameter was nominally and were typically mounted in standalone boxes (resembling washing machines) or large equipment rack enclosures. Individual drives often required high-current AC power due to the large motors required to spin the large disks. Hard disk drives were not commonly used with microcomputers until after 1980, when Seagate Technology introduced the ST-506, the first drive. The capacity of hard drives has grown exponentially over time. When hard drives became available for personal computers, they offered 5-megabyte capacity. During the mid-1990s the typical hard disk drive for a PC had a capacity of about 1 gigabyte.〔1996 Disk Trend Report – Rigid Disk Drives, Figure 2 – Unit Shipment Summary〕 As of December 2014, desktop hard disk drives typically had a capacity of 500 to 4000 gigabytes, while the largest-capacity drives were 8 terabytes. ==1950s–1970s== (詳細はIBM 350 Disk File, invented by Reynold Johnson, was introduced in 1956 with the IBM 305 RAMAC computer. This drive had fifty platters, with a total capacity of five million 6-bit characters (3.75 megabytes).〔 〕 A single head assembly having two heads was used for access to all the platters, yielding an average access time of just under 1 second. The IBM 1301 Disk Storage Unit,〔(IBM Archives: IBM 1301 disk storage unit )〕 announced in 1961, introduced the usage of heads having self-acting air bearings (self-flying heads) with one head per each surface of the disks. Also in 1961, Bryant Computer Products introduced its 4000 series disk drives. These massive units stood tall, wide, and had up to 26 platters, each in diameter, rotating at up to 1,200 rpm. Access times were from 50 to 205 milliseconds (ms). The drive's total capacity, depending on the number of platters installed, was up to 205,377,600 bytes (205 MB).〔 〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = eWEEK.com ) 〕 The first disk drive to use removable media was the IBM 1311 drive. It was introduced in 1962 using the IBM 1316 disk pack to store two million characters. It was followed by the IBM 2311 (1964) 5 megabyte and IBM 2314 (1965) 29 megabyte disk pack HDDs. Memorex in 1968 shipped the first HDD, the Memorex 630, plug compatible to an IBM model 2311 marking the beginning of independent competition (Plug Compatible Manufacturers or PCMs) for HDDs attached to IBM systems. It was followed in 1969 by the Memorex 660, an IBM 2314 compatible, which was OEM'ed to DEC and resold as the RP02. In 1973, IBM introduced the IBM 3340 "Winchester" disk drive, the first significant commercial use of low mass and low load heads with lubricated platters. This technology and its derivatives remained the standard through 2011. Project head Kenneth Haughton named it after the Winchester 30-30 rifle because it was planned to have two 30 MB spindles; however, the actual product shipped with two spindles for data modules of either 35 MB or 70 MB.〔(IBM Archives: IBM 3340 direct access storage facility )〕 The name 'Winchester' and some derivatives are still common in some non-English speaking countries to generally refer to any hard disks (e.g. Hungary, Russia). Also in 1973, Control Data Corporation introduced the first of its series of SMD disk drives using conventional disk pack technology. The SMD family became the predominant disk drive in the minicomputer market into the 1980s. During the 1970s, captive production, dominated by IBM's production for its own use, remained the largest revenue channel for HDDs, though the relative importance of the OEM channel grew. Led by Control Data, Diablo Systems, CalComp and Memorex, the OEM segment reached $631 million in 1979, but still well below the $2.8 billion associated with captive production.〔(Storage Industry Dynamics And Strategy )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of hard disk drives」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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